Information Technology INTRODUCTION

 

Information Technology is today world, everything is ubiquitous, everywhere and in every aspect of our daily lives. Mainly the service sector including railways, airlines, scientific and commercial facilities, banks, universities, schools and most definitely in our homes. The phrase “information technology” has many different connotations as well as being widespread. From the most mundane things that the common man does to the most complex magic that only a techno savvy geek can understand. Information technology can be seen and experienced in processes improving services to citizens and consumers (online transactions, reservations, university admissions, professional consultations, telecommunications, consumer products, etc.), increasing the productivity and efficiency of government (computerization of government records, ministries, e.g. – policemen), strengthening legal and enforcement systems (judicial administration and court management) and in supporting priority economic sectors (banking, agriculture, industry, marketing, etc.) involving production and production chain processes. Probably the biggest impact of information technology is erasing time and geographical divides.

 

 IT In Competitive World

The penetration of the home computer or personal computer phenomenon along with the Internet has increased the impact of information technology beyond our own imagination. Thus the use of the Internet has given the globe a shrinking effect. In today’s competitive world, “information” is the key word for success. Today, relevant information outweighs the price of gold. A graphical user interface has simplified one of the world’s most complex problems. In fact, the world is going through a second industrial revolution.

 

Information technology today touches every aspect of life, regardless of location on the globe. Every person’s daily activity affects the computer in form, content and time. Businesses, governments and individuals are all reaping the benefits of this information revolution. While the computer provides tangible benefits in terms of time and money, it also has an impact on everyday life as computer routines replace mundane human tasks. With the computer, the hitherto impossible has become possible. The computer made it possible to reduce large volumes of data into compact, high-density storage, almost imperceptible to the human senses. It allowed for an exponential increase in speed and even the most complex calculations could be completed in milliseconds. The miniaturization of processors has enabled worldwide connectivity and communication.

WHAT IS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY?

 

A broad subject dealing with all aspects of information management and processing, especially within a large organization or company. Because computers are central to information management, computer departments in companies and universities are often called IT departments. The Penguin Dictionary of Computing defines it as “a portmanteau phrase that covers all aspects of the art or science of processing data to produce information”. It includes computer software, hardware, programs and databases, semiconductor chips that together process and produce output. The output can be expressed in human-readable form (prints) or in machine-readable form (series of electronic pulses), which are further used to control any other machine, tool or device. Information technology also includes the interconnection of computers and databases that exchange and transmit information with each other.

 

A basic knowledge of technology law and about it guarantees a proper understanding and understanding of the technology itself. Technological law, like any other emerging legal reality, has a purely interdisciplinary character by its very nature. Therefore, it is now proposed to explain and present some essential and relevant aspects of information technology.

The importance of information technology

 

The banking and insurance sector cannot ignore the importance of information technology, except at the cost of exclusion from competition. This is because the use of information technology brings certain advantages that are not available when using traditional and conventional ways of doing business. The use of information technology brings the following advantages and benefits:

 

•  easy handling of the organization’s daily affairs,
• quick elimination of common and everyday tasks,
• ensuring the authenticity, integrity and confidentiality of the organization’s functioning,
• cost savings,
• integration and interaction with global institutions and organizations,
• better communication and presentation background,
• ensuring the safety and proper security of sensitive and valuable information, such as trade secrets,
• immediate transfer of data and information where the situation requires it,
• makes available public documents that are digitized by various government departments,
• for making online payments of various bills and fees,
• for online submission of statutory documents, etc.

 

These benefits of information technology development can be applied by all business entities including the banking and insurance sectors, but apart from that, various other sectors are also claiming its benefits which are discussed as follows:

 

1.  Development to banking business,
2. Development of forensic science and police wireless network
3. Development in railways
4. Development of IT in agriculture
5. The role of information technology in alternative dispute resolution and judicial recognition
6. Development of IT in healthcare and medicine

 

1) Development to banking business

 

The benefits and advantages of information technology for the smooth and efficient functioning of the banking business cannot be neglected or put aside. This is more true when a bank proposes to do business with “internet banking”, which is an important branch of information technology. Its correct and methodical use can bring the following benefits.

 

(A) Audio Payment System:

 

The use of electronic means of movement and settlement of funds is still in its formative years. Various forms of electronic payments such as credit cards, automated teller machines (ATMs), stored value cards, shared payment network (SPNS) etc. are emerging at an incredible speed. Many banks have made initiatives aimed at electronic means of movement of funds. While this is a positive development, it is necessary to ensure that these fund transfers are carried out with a high level of security to avoid unauthorized use in the newer regimes implemented by banks. It is this area that has been the focus of the Reserve Bank – and the effort has now resulted in a Structured Financial Messaging (SFMS) solution.

 

SFMS includes adequate security measures, including Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), with encryption software equivalent to some of the best security measures in the world. The use of SFMS over INFINET would automatically ensure safe, secure and efficient fund transfers with the added benefit of clearing inter-bank fund transfers taking place in the books of banks maintained with the Reserve Bank, thereby ensuring settlement finality. In addition, the message formats used in SFMS are very similar to those used by SWIFT, resulting in ease of use by the country’s banking community. This secure messaging backbone can also be used for a number of intra-bank applications.

 

(B) Effective currency management

 

The impact of technology on banknote issuance and central bank currency management is obvious. This technology offers us huge opportunities to significantly improve the performance of this essential function. Due to the high value and volume of currency in circulation, the huge geographical spread of currency operations, the largest distribution channel for supply of currency, the prevailing strong preference for cash and currency handling practices. In 1999, the Reserve Bank of India announced the “Clean Banknote Policy” to improve the quality of notes in circulation and technology played an indispensable role in enabling the bank to provide better quality notes to the general public. Information technology makes the task of currency management easy, efficient, economical and faster.

2) Development of forensic science and police wireless network

 

The modernization and development of IT manpower in the Central Forensic Laboratories and GEQDs, which were initiated in the Seventh Plan, have seen tremendous development. Anticipated areas of research are DNA fingerprinting; entomology of corpses; immunoanalytical techniques; classification of handwriting characters; instrumental techniques for examining written materials; Computer image processing of firearms and ammunition; Development of a computer system for superimposition; immunodiagnostic technique, hair identification, range and time of shot and analysis of explosives, etc.

 

Thus, speed and sophistication are expected to be introduced through video-fit techniques, laser tracking, holography, image processing, computer-aided automatic fingerprint identification and initiatives taken in new frontier areas such as forensic psychology. An appropriate structure and mechanism would be developed for the formulation, implementation and monitoring of scientific and technical schemes within the forensic sciences.

 

In the field of police wireless, the main objective was to achieve a communication link from the state capital to the rural police station via state headquarters, range headquarters and district headquarters. This is proposed to be achieved through the development of a high-speed message switch, microprocessor specially designed computer connectors, a pocket radio system, micro earth stations and covert devices, and a multi-access radio telephone.

 

3) Development of railways

 

Indian Railways is one of the largest systems in the world. It is said that the key to the development of the 21st century is information technology (IT), which is introduced in various fields. In Rule(TM), an innovative provider of business rules technology for automating application decision logic that includes rules, calculations and dynamic user interfaces, today announced the expansion of its partner network in response to the needs of its growing customer base. Developments in information and technology show that safety, efficiency and comfort have improved in the areas of railway use, operation and maintenance.

 

The following is a section on a new train security system for high-density lines, which uses methods to transmit information to the train about the distance to the position at which the train must stop, which is necessary for train control. This system is implemented using an advanced application of information technology. Until now, it has not been possible to realize efficient operation in high-density lines due to the limitations of existing signal technology. Other information technologies have been used for train operations, security and ticketing/reserving systems, they must more actively use information technology to improve safety, comfort and convenience.

 

That’s why we outsource research and development to prevent accidents and dramatically improve passenger services by making the most of information technology, to the Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRI). As a means of introducing information technology into various areas of transport services, we support research aimed at building a “comprehensive transport information delivery system”. and will continue to implement policies for the use of information technology.

 

4) Development of IT in agriculture

 

Agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy. It represents 27% of GDP, participates in 21% of total exports and raw materials to several industries. About two-thirds of India’s population depends on the agricultural sector for their livelihood. IT therefore plays a major role in all aspects of Indian agriculture. Apart from making it easier for farmers to improve the efficiency and productivity of agriculture and related activities, the potential of IT lies in the overall qualitative. Employees who work for the welfare of Indian farmers, such as extension workers, do not have access to the latest information, which hinders their ability to effectively serve the farming community. In a non-agricultural context, the potential of IT can be assessed roughly in two categories:

 

a) as a tool for direct contribution to agricultural productivity

 

and

 

b) as an indirect tool enabling farmers to make informed and quality decisions that will have a positive impact on the way agriculture and related activities are carried out.

 

5) The role of information technology in alternative dispute resolution and judicial recognition

 

Information technology provides opportunities to facilitate communication and thus assist in the prevention and management of disputes. ADR services can use information technology to provide information to the parties in case of disputes between the parties, as well as to supplement and replace the traditional information system. Information technology can also play a valuable role in supporting the quality of ADR practice through more effective supervision, evaluation, training, information management, research and evaluation.

 

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